Method of heating boiler plants



Aug; 12, 1930. E. VOLCKER us'rapp ouamnne BOILER PLANTS Filed Jan. 19, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet l Inventor:

1 Aug 12, 1930.

E. VOLCKER IETHOD or HEA ING BOILER PLANTS Filed Jan. 19,1925

4 Sheets-Shet 2 Inventor Aug. 12, 1930. E. vQLcKER us'raon OF HEATING 301mm PLANTS 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan. 19,. 1925 Inventor:

Patented Aug. 12, 1930 .eATEj-NT o F cE 'nlins'r voLoKnRQoF BER BURG',

' "mzrnriaonor HEATING BOILERPLANTS f Appliiaation filed January-19,1925, Serial No. 3,422, and in Germany January 28, 1924.

s-{Ihis iDVBIltlOIliIGlfitGS to Water tube boilers 'Qfgethe type comprising a;lowerjdrum, .an intermediate drumand an upper'drum, said intermediate drum being connected by nests of water'tubesito the upper andlower drums. {an-The inventiomconsists inasteam boiler of the type {referred to I and comprising return tubes outsidej of the .boiler casing and connected to the5upper and-lower drums, so as toprovide' a return'path' which is not heated bythe fire-for the water which flows'out of the uppendrum, and guiding means within the ,boiler, casingfor guiding the heating gases so as to flow first across the tubes connecting the upper and intermediate drums,

then through/and betweenthe tubes connecting the lower and intermediate drums. These features are each known per se but they-have neverbeenusedat the same time in one and the-same boiler plant, if they are used all together they.- ensure however a circulation of Water and steam. free of disturbance through the entire boiler system.

Four embodiments of the invention are shown, by Way of example, on the Figures 1 to 4 of the ,accompanying drawings.

Figure l shows diagrammatically in front elevation a boiler system of the simplest type according to the invention,

Figure 2 is a similar view showing a modified form of construction of the improved boiler system. p

,Figure .3 is a similar view showing two combined boiler systems, and

,g Figure 4 is a similar View to Figure 3 showing modifications of the two combined boiler systems.

The boiler system shown in Fig. 1 consists of a lower drum 12, an intermediate drum 13, an upper drum 14, a feeding drum and a steam drum 16 situated above the feeding drum. The lower drum 12 and the intermediate drum 13 are connected the one with the other by smaller diameter tubes 17.

-' Tubes 18 of greater diameter than tubes 17 connect the intermediate drum 13 with the upper drum 14. Down pipes 19 of rather great diameter connect the upper drum with the feeding drum 15 and ascent tubes 20 of great diameter connect the upper drum 14 with the steam drum 16, this steam drum being connected with the feeding drum 15' by wert-ical tubesi2l of. great diameter. Two large pipes 22, situated outside the heating chamber connectthe feeding. drum 15 with the lower drum l2.

The heating gasesfiow directly with the arrows b-vertically upward and then between the intermediate drum l3 and the upper drum .l4 'down again in order to flow along a serpentine path'and in counter-current around thetubes of the lower nest of tubes 17 to escapethrough the economizer to the chimney.

.. The boiler system shown in Fig. 2 consists ,ofa lower drum 24, a lower intermediate drum25, an upper intermediate drum 26 and an upper. drum27, these drums being situated the one above the other and connected ,theone with the other by tubes 28, 29, 30.

Qutside the heating chamber laterally of and slightly below the upper drum 27 a feed ing drum 31 is arranged which is connected with said upper drum 27 by a lower tube 32 similar to a down pipe and by an upper tube 33 similar to an ascending pipe. The feeding drum 31 is further connected by down pipes 34, situated outside the heating chamber, with the lower drum 24 and by ascending pipes 35 with the steam drum. 36. drums might be arranged the one above the other. The flue gases flow in the direction of the arrow con a serpentine path through be tween the connecting tubes 30,29 and 28 between the vertically superposed drums 24, 25, 26, 27 so that they flow first around the nest of tubes 30, then around the intermedi- .ate nest ofvtubes 29 and finally around the lower nest of tubes 28. The mixture of steam and water rises from the lower drum 24 verticallyup tothe upper drum 27. F rom this upper drum 27 the hot water or the mixture of steam and water flows through the down pipes 32 to the feeding drum 31, the steam being conducted from the upper drum 27 through the ascending pipes 33 into the feeding drum 31 from where it rises into the steam drum 36 from which it is withdrawn. The water is conducted through the down pipes 34 from the feeding drum 31 back to More than four liii:

the lower drum 2%. The lower connecting tubes are of smaller diameter and shorter than the iuteri'ncdiate tubes -29 which again are of smaller diameter and shorter than the upper tubes 30, the lower nest of tubes 28 comprising greater number of tubes than the lRtGImGdlZhtG I IQSTr-O t' tubes flti yvhich again comprises more tiilies than the upper n'est bf tubes 30. The heating surface decreases temperature of the heating gase'sincr'easing' from below upward, whereby V ture of the heating gases is adapted to the heating surface'at their, disposal or intensely the heating surface adapted to the temperature ot thelu a t-ing-gas'es. i Tillie"boiler plant shown in Fig. 8fis composed of two juxta aosed boiler systems'of tlietype' shown in Big Q haring a: common feeding drum 31 and a common steam drum 36 connected with one anotherbytubes. The Hue gases tlow first from above downward iii-serpentine shape in the direction of 'thdarr'orr (Z through the nest of tubes 30, '29", 28 of the left. boiler system'and are then conducted upward between the two boiler systemswithout coming in "contact with the same to low finally through the nests of tubes 30, 19, 28 .ot the right boiler system in serpentine shape from above downward in the direction of the arrow 6. The flow of steam or water is in both boiler systems directed vertically upward from the lower drums 24, 24 to the uppcr'drums '97. 27 and from these 1 to the common feeding'dr'um 31* "01: steam drum 86 while the ivater'from the feeding drum ill flows back through the down pipes i l 'to the lower, drnn'is Ql Q4. The two I boiler systems are parallel-connected while the. heating gases flow successively through V the casings ot' the two boiler systems.

' The tubes of the boiler nests-0f the right hand boiler system are of less diameter but moro numerous than those of the left hand boiler system in order to increase the heating surface of. the right hand boiler system in accordance with the decreasing heating temperature.- A further compensation of temperature'l'ietwecn the left and right boiler systems is enabled by a register 37 adapted to co er more or less an aperture 38 in the partition :39 which separates the two boiler systems from one another so that not all the heating gases tlow from the uppermost nest of tubiis 30 of the left boiler system to the second nest of tubes 29 of the same boiler system but part of said heating gases flow directly to the uppermost nest of tubes 30 of the right hand boiler system.

The form of construction shown in Fig. l is designed for coal dust furnaces and com- 'r-osed of two boiler systems ofthe type shown in Fig. 1 which are arranged at the side of one another and have each a complete independent water or steam circulation. The two theretore gradually from belpwnpwargl,the.

the tempera boiler systems hare one common furnace. The coal dust is burned in an intermediate heating chamber l0 and the heating gases flow from this heating chamber l0 at first in serpentine path in the direction of the arrow 7 through between the tubes of the upper nest of tubes 18 or 18 and then through between the tubes of-the lower nests of tubes 17 01'' 17- Each boiler system may evidently comprise more i L Lthree superposed drums.

All the boilerplants above-described have in comn'ionthe characteristic features that at least three drums are arranged vertically xiboveone another or on aninelinod. line the one above the other and connected with one another by means of nests of boiler talks; that the-drums are insulated from the heating chamber, that the heating gases flow through between the tubes of the nest of" tubes from above downwardnnd' that the down pipes connecting the upper drum and the lower drum are situated outside the heating chamber. The arrangement according to which the drums are arranged Vertically the" one above the other and connected with oneanother by nests of straight tubes are especially practical as the ascent of the steam and water mixture takes place in vertical direction so that it encounters no resistance in inclined tubes; 5

' By the insertion of one or more drums between the upper and lower drums the connecting tubes between these two drums be comeshorter wheiefrom results an essential improvement of the technical effect as short tubes work niuch'more freely as regards load on the cross sectional area than long tubes do. The intermediate drums serve as equalization space and fulfill a special purgiiose in the whole boiler system they contain a great reserve of highlyraluable prepared water sot-hat they ensure the most rapid generation of steam iniipward direction. V The loading temperature. the number of tubes, the length of tubes and the cross section ot tubes are mutually regulated in order to produce a gradually increasing speed of the steam and water mixture from thellower drum up to the upper drum. The construction of the several nests of tubes is subordi; nated to this purpose and it might be in case of requirement di'ilerent from the construe tions and arrangements which have been described above and are shown in the accompanying drawing.

I claim 1. A boiler comprising in combination a boiler casing a lower drum and an intermediate drum arranged the one vertically above the other in saidcasing, an upper drum vertically above said intermediate drum. a lower nest of tubes within said casing and connected to said lower drum and intermediate drum. an upper nest of tubes within said casing and connected to said intermediate lid drum and upper drum, an inlet in the boiler casing for admitting heating gases to said boiler casing and means arranged within the casing for guiding the heating gases so as to flow first through and between the tubes of the upper nest of tubes and then through and between the tubes of the lower nest of tubes, and means connected to said upper drum and lower drum and comprising pipes shielded from the heating gases for establishing open communication between said upper drum and lower drum, for the purposes set forth.

2. A boiler comprising in combination a boiler casing, a lower drum and an intermediate drum arranged the one vertically above the other in said casing, an upper drum vertically above said intermediate drum, a lower nest of tubes within said casing and connected to said lower drum and intermediate drum, an upper nest of tubes within said casing and connected to said intermediate drum and upper drum, said second nest of tubes comprising a smaller number of tubes of greater diameter than the tubes of the first mentioned nest of tubes, an inlet in the boiler casing for admitting heating gases to said boiler casing and means arranged within the casing for guiding the heating gases so as to flow first through and between the tubes of the upper nest of tubes and then through and between the tubes of the low r nest of tubes, and means connected to said upper drum and lower drum and comprising pipes shielded from the heating gases for establishing open communication between said upper drum and lower drum, for the purposes set forth.

3. A. boiler comprising in combination a boiler casing, a lower drum and an intermediate drum, arranged the one vertically above the other in said casing, an upper drum vertically above said intermediate drum, a lower nest of tubes wit in said casin and connected to said lower drum a d intermediate drum, an upper nest of tubes within said casing and connected to said intermediate drum and upper drum, an inlet in the boiler casing for admitting heating gases to said boiler casing and means arranged within the casing for iug the heating gases so as to flow first t ugh and between the tubes of the upper nest of tubes and then through and between the tubes of the lower nest of tubes, :1 feed drum arranged below said upper drum but above intermediate drum, pipes con neeted to said fee-d drum and upper drum and shielded from said hev g gases and pipe connected to said feed drum and lower drum and shielded from said heating gases, for the purposes set forth. I

i 4. A boiler comprising in combination boiler casing, a. lower drum and an intermediate drum vertically above said lower drum in said casing upper (rum above said intermediate dri a lower nest of tubes connected to said lower drum and intermediate drum, an upper nest of tubesconnected to said .intermediatedrum and upper drum, 2. feed drum above said intermediate drum, means connecte'dto said feed drum and upper drum for establishin'gopen communication between-said feed-drum and'upper drum, means connected-to said; feed drum and lower drum for; establishing open communication between said; feed .drum and lower. Edrum, ;'a steam druniqabove said upperdrumymeans connected to said steam drum anduppe'r drunnforestablishing open communication between'said'steam drum and upper drum, an inlet in said boiler casing for admitting heating gases thereto and means arranged within the casing for guiding the heating gases so as to flow first through and between the tubes of the upper nest of tubes and then through and between the tubes of the lower nest of tubes, as and for the purposes set forth.

5. A boiler as set forth in claim 4, having pipes connected to the steam drum and feed drum for establishing open communication between said drums.

6. A boiler comprising in combination a boiler casing, a lower drum and an intermediate drum vertically above said lower drum in said casing, an upper drum outside said casing and vertically above said intermediate drum, a lower nest of tubes connected to said lower drum and intermediate drum, an upper nest of tubes connected to said intermediate drum and upper drum, a feed drum arranged outside said casing and below the upper drum but above the intermediate drum, a steam drum vertically above said feed drum. down pipes of large diameter connected to the upper drum and feed drum, ascent pipes of large diameter connected to said upper drum and steam drum, vertical pipes of large diameter connected to said steam drum and feed drum, an inlet inside said boiler casing for admitting heating gases thereto, return pipes of large diameter connected to said feed drum and lower drum, said pipes being shielded from the said heating gases and means arranged within the boiler casing for guiding the heating gases s as to flow first through and between the tubes of the upper nest of tubes and then th eugh and between the tubes of the lower nest of tubes, as and for the purposes set forth.

'7. A boiler comprising in combination a heating chamber. means for supplying pulverized fuel to said heating chamber, a boiler casing on each side of said heating chamber, a lowerdrum and an intermediate drum in each of said boiler casings, an upper drum above each of said intermediate drums, said lower, upper and intermediate drums being arranged vertically the one above the other, lower and upper nests of vertical tubes conaied to said lower and intermediate drums and said intermediate and upper drums re spctively sm iillet' in eachboiler casing 015'- posite' lzhe; 'upperlznest :OfitllbS for. admitting heatihglglsesifrbrh said "heating chamber tOthG flapper mesfi of'ltube's, 'bzifiles Within-said boilep casingsqforguidhrg th'heating gases l v betwelrithe ilower nestof'tiibs' and means fw l z; conntd *t0 'said--upper drums and lower 1 I dmhmsi and: comprising f piyi's shielded from thheatingga'ss for est-Jab municafiofibetweenihe uppemand lower w 7 Y M mlmtestimoil y- Qhrof lfliififi signature. Q I i Q isliirig'opencom 5Q .1 v 

